Author: Brad MacDonald

Native Sedges

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

A long time ago it was pointed out to me that nature likes to cover the ground with plants.  Up to that point, I hadn’t really thought about it.  When you really look, most every empty space around us that is left to nature is filled with plants – so much so that you can’t see the bare earth.  Anywhere the soil is disturbed, nature immediately goes to work covering it back up as seeds from below the surface germinate and grow.  Even in the shade of the forest floor, there are lots of green plants popping up to cover any area that doesn’t have a thick duff layer.  In areas of dappled light, there are often even more plants and denser cover.  In sunny areas like meadows, wetlands and bogs the variety seems endless.

I’d surmise that people who live in the Northern hemisphere subconsciously find this green blanket to be soothing, as it’s what we have experienced as natural and normal.  No wonder landscapes with enormous beds of mulch punctuated with a few lonely shrubs and token perennials sprinkled around feel so uncomfortable.  That type of planting is simply unnatural looking.

In order to create comfortable landscapes, small scale herbaceous plants should be used as the “living mulch” that covers the surface of the soil.  In a perennial border, they can be planted among the more ornamental plants.  In shrub beds, groundcovers can be used to fill all the available open space.  Native sedges can be a great option, especially in shady or semi-shady areas.  There are many species of these grassy looking plants.  Recently, Carex pennsylvanica (Pennsylvania sedge), has been quite popular.    However, lots of the other species have a similar look, and may be easier to grow.  Below are some of the common species:

 

Carex appalachica – Appalacian sedge: Fine-textured, bunching habit. Found naturally in dry to mesic deciduous forests. Performs best in shade. 8-12″ tall when in flower. Flowers in late spring. Prefers dry to average soils. Perhaps easier to grow than Carex pensylvanica, but very similar look.

Carex pennsylvanica – Pennsylvania sedge:  Fine-textured, clumping habit. 8″ tall. Native to thickets and dry woodland areas. Flowers in late spring. Prefers part shade to shade and average moisture.
Makes a nice groundcover in shaded areas.

Carex radiata – Eastern star sedge:  Fine-textured, clumping habit. Forms denser tufts than Carex pennsylvanica. Flowers appear in summer. Thrives in moist soil in part shade. Well-suited to rain gardens, as it can withstand periodic flooding and drought.

Carex rosea – Rosy sedge:  Fine-textured, clumping habit. 6-12″ tall and wide. Tolerates a range of growing conditions. Performs well in dry shade under deciduous trees.

Carex socialis – Fine-textured, bunching – rhizomatous habit. 12-24″ tall. Found naturally in lowland forests, riverbanks and other wet areas. Prefers silty soils and dappled shade. A good rain garden plant. Can tolerate occasional flooding.

Carex woodii – Wood’s sedge:  Somewhat wider foliage than many of the other native sedges we carry. Green foliage has a slightly blue cast. Forms clumps that slowly grow with rhizomes. Creamy yellow seed heads in June. Highly recommended by Mt Cuba Center in their Carex trials. Very adaptable. Will grow in full sun, unlike many other native sedges.

Hellebores – Lenten Roses

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

Spring on Nantucket can be a real “touch and go” kind of season.  In early April, most gardens are still bare, with few plants in flower, or even budding.  There can be beautiful days with light breezes and temps in the 50’s as well as cold, nasty days when the wind feels like it could rip your face off.  On nice April afternoons, many gardeners in northern states on the mainland are enjoying violas, pansies, bellis and a wide variety of spring bulbs … but not us!  When it’s nice enough to go outside and we are able to check on our spring flowers we notice that the rabbits have eaten the tulips and the deer have mowed off any perennials that dare to push up new growth.  What’s a gardener in need of a spring pick-me-up to do?

Number ONE – Grab some potted daffodils and get those in the ground right away.  The critters won’t bother them and they’ll come back forever.

Number TWO – Come on over to Surfing Hydrangea and pick up some Lenten Roses!

Helleborus ‘Ice N Roses Picotee’ & ‘Mindy Marble’

 

 

 

Lenten Roses, aka Hellebores, Helleborus orientalis and their hybrids, are fantastic plants for those of us with sheltered gardens and some shade.  Hellebores are reliable perennials with nearly no pest issues whatsoever.   They have thick, semi-evergreen, leathery, palm-shaped leaves that form an attractive rosette.   Planted in evenly moist (but well-drained), fertile soil, these elegant plants will reward you with blooms from Early April, through May.  The flowers come in several forms, from single, to fully double – some facing up towards us, and some with nodding flowers.  They range in color from green to off-white to deep burgundy/black and every hue in between.  Unbelievably, the deer and rabbits haven’t taken a liking to them yet.

Depending on the winter and how much exposure the plants get, the foliage may get brown over the winter.  If that is the case, feel free to trim off the least attractive leaves as the flowers and fresh foliage emerge in early spring.  Besides that, they really don’t require any other care.  Plant and enjoy!

Maiden Grass is NO MORE!

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

Clumping ornamental grasses are a standard in Nantucket landscapes.  They are easy to care for, deer-resistant and fit in perfectly with the coastal garden vibe.  Over the years, they have continued to grow in popularity, with many new species and cultivars becoming available in the trade.  One of the OG-all-around -best-in-show species for garden worthy grasses has been Miscanthus sinensis (Maiden grass, Chinese silver grass, Eulalia grass).  As of December 8, 2025 this species of grass has been deemed, “a threat to land in Massachusetts” and is now on the “Massachusetts Prohibited Plant List”.  As such, we are no longer allowed to grow or bring in any more Miscanthus sinensis cultivars including popular cultivars like ‘Gracillimus’ and ‘Adagio.’   We are allowed to sell through existing stock until the end of the season, but we’ll likely have none left in stock past May.

Although the conversation surrounding invasive plants can be polarizing, none of us at the nursery are surprised about this determination by MDAAR (Massachusetts department of agricultural resources).  Thousands upon thousands of these grasses are in island landscapes, which each plant producing countless quantities of seeds every fall.  These seeds are spread around the island in numerous ways, most notably by  landscapers, as they transport the spent growth to the dump after the plants are cut back.

Because these grasses have been used in island landscapes for years, many gardeners may not be aware of similar plants that can be used in their place.  One of our senior sales associates, Ashley Twiggs, has compiled the following list to help:

Alternatives for Miscanthus ‘Adagio’

  • Panicum ‘Purple Tears’ (3-4ft tall)
  • Panicum ‘Northwind’ (4-6ft tall)
  • Panicum ‘Niagara Falls’ (4ft tall)
  • Panicum ‘Heavy Metal’ (3-5ft tall)
  • Schizachyrium ‘Standing Ovation’ (3-4ft tall)
  • Schizachyrium ‘Ha Ha Tonka’ (3-4ft tall)
  • Schizachyrium ‘Blue Heaven’ (3-4ft tall)
  • Sorghastrum nutans (3-5ft tall)

Alternatives for Miscanthus ‘Gracillimus’

  • Panicum ‘Totem Pole’ (5-6ft tall)
  • Andropogon gerardii (4-8ft tall)

Alternatives for Miscanthus ‘Little Kitten’

  • Deschampsia flexuosa (1.5′)
  • Carex pensylvanica (0.5-1′)

 

Harlequin Glorybower aka Peanut Butter Tree

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

With a common name like “Harlequin Glorybower,” you would think this plant just fell from Mount Olympus or something!  In fact, the botanical name for this genus, Clerodendron, stems from the Greek words kleros (meaning fate) and dendron (meaning tree).  The common name references the fact that the flowering structures resemble the costume of Harlequin, a character from ancient Italian classical theatre – fancy!  “Glorybower” is a semi made-up word meaning, “stunning garden arbor” which presumably refers to the domed shape of the mature plant.  I find this part of the name particularly funny, since it is considered a “trash- tree” in much of the southeastern US where it has become naturalized since its introduction from Japan in the 1860’s.

The species of Clerodendron that is most suited to growing in our area, C. trichotomum, is a large shrub or small shrubby tree, native to Asia.  It grows well in full sun to part shade in rich, well-drained soils.  The stems and bark look somewhat like elderberry, beginning green and aging to a nubbly brown.  The medium green, ovate leaves have a slight downy texture and range in size from 4″ to 9″ long by 2″-5″ wide.  One of the distinguishing characteristics of this plant is immediately apparent when any part of the plant is bruised — They have a very peculiar peanut butter scent, hence the second common name, Peanut Butter Tree.  In Mid-August the plant produces clusters of blush-pink flower buds that open to white.  As the flowers fade, the calyxes, just below the petals, become a vibrant magenta-red.  The fruit appears in the center of the calyxes, beginning white, changing to a bright blue and aging to a deep blue-black.

Dr. Michael Dirr does not have a glowing review for this plant in his Manual of Woody Landscape Plants.  He says, “Over the years, my feelings toward this plant have ebbed and flowed like the tide.  In flower and fruit it is delightful but at its worst has the appearance of an overturned Dempster Dumpster.” I somewhat agree, but I think it’s definitely worth a try.  I’ve observed this plant growing in my neighbor’s yard mid-island since being planted perhaps 8 years ago.  With little to no care, the plant is now chest-high with an equal spread.  It has never been browsed by deer and seems perfectly happy in unirrigated typical Nantucket soil in part sun.

ONE FINAL NOTE: This plant is at the edge of its hardiness range here in zone 7 ish.  During a prolonged cold winter, the plant may die back somewhat, or perhaps even to the ground.  If it dies back considerably, it is very likely to rebound from the roots.

Giant Fleece flower

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

In the Northeast, most of our gardens are designed with a permanent living structure of trees and shrubs, combined with herbaceous perennials that die down to the ground each winter.  The garden designer’s job is to combine these plants in a way that works with the environment and is pleasing to the eye.  There are hundreds and thousands of perennials to choose from, and many ways to approach the design process.  The simplest way is to choose a variety of plants that work well in the given location and flower at different times of the year.  Place the tallest plants at the back, and the shortest plants at the front, and you can’t really go wrong -just remember to leave enough room for the plants to grow into their mature size.

I have always found it easiest to start a garden plan with the largest plants and fill in around them.  One of my all-time favorite “Back of the Border” plants is Persicaria polymorpha, giant fleece flower.  This hardy perennial performs best in moist, fertile soil in sun to part shade.  It bursts from the ground in late spring, quickly reaching 4-5′ tall and wide.  The massive white, Astilbe-like plumes cover the top of the plant starting in late May.  I find that the overall look of the plant is a bit wild, and weedy – but it looks amazing at a distance.   The deer may take a nibble, especially early season, but they seem to leave it alone once it reaches its full size.  The only drawback in my book is that it does get a bit tired-looking by summer’s end, but don’t we all?  Deadheading, and a light pruning after the flowers fade can help a bit.

Persicaria Polymorpha in the background with Amsonia ‘String Theory’ in the foreground. Photo taken June 5th.

I was introduced to this plant by a colleague, years ago, and had been hoping to find a spot for it in the garden at the nursery ever since.  A few spaces opened up and I got my chance!  We planted only three plants in each group at 3′ apart.  Now that they are fully mature, I can see that they would have filled the space just as well if planted on a 5′ center.

I think the most successful combination has been with Amsonia ‘String Theory’ and Myrica gale ‘Lowboy’.  The Myrica gale serves as a year-round presence at the gate, with its small, grey-green leaves contrasting well with the large leaves of the Persicaria.  The airy, fine texture of the Amsonia looks great for the whole growing season, with the added bonus of flowering alongside the Persicaria in early-June.

All in all, I think this plant is a winner!  If you have the room, why not give this tough-as-nails perennial a try?

 

 

Oaks for Nantucket

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

There are few trees that have the long and storied history of oaks. And it’s no wonder, considering that oaks are one of the longest living trees in the Northern Hemisphere. Astonishingly, the “Major Oak” growing in Sherwood forest in Nottinghamshire, England is touted to be between 800 and 1000 years old! There is a long-standing tradition that Robin Hood actually used the tree as a hiding place while on the run from the Sheriff of Nottingham! Isn’t that cool? Yes it is!  Just think – if you were to plant an English oak today on Nantucket, it could potentially be the last tree standing when the Atlantic swallows the island back up.

Most oaks prefer slightly acidic, evenly moist, average soil. They are not generally fast growing but eventually can become very large with wide spreading branches that descend under their own weight to lay on the ground. The species following are all considered large trees when mature and are often planted in parks and larger landscapes off island. Luckily, as with many trees, there are cultivars that will fit into smaller gardens. Upright cultivars like ‘Fastigiata’ and Regal Prince (r) are equally hardy and perform well on Nantucket.  I’ll highlight a few below:

Quercus acutissima leaf
Quercus acutissima – Sawtooth Oak leaf in fall

Sawtooth Oak, Quercus acutissima is a broadly pyramidal tree that might reach 40 to 60 feet tall on the mainland, likely somewhat shorter on Nantucket. Its leaves don’t have a classic oak shape. They look much more like hornbeam or beech tree leaves to me. They open yellow in spring, mature to a glabrous green in summer and, in good years, will turn a clear yellow in November, before aging to tan. They are very easy to grow and resist pests and diseases. Like all oaks, they are slow to mature, and juvenile trees will tend to hold their leaves all winter. Sawtooth Oak can produce very heavy crops of acorns, and they are generally the earliest to ripen of the genus.

 

Quercus bicolor leaves in early October

Swamp White Oak, Quercus bicolor, is a broad tree that will reach 50 to 60 feet tall on the mainland. The overall shape is a wide, round-topped crown, with a short trunk. The leaves of this species are much more recognizable: deep green, lustrous and lobed, with a grayish fuzz on the underside. Naturally occurring in moist areas with acidic soil, they are an ideal tree for a low area on your property in need of a majestic shade tree.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quercus robur 'Fastigiata' - Fastigiate English Oak leaf in fall
Quercus robur ‘Fastigiata’ – Fastigiate English Oak leaf in fall

English Oak, Quercus robur, is also a broad tree with a height and spread of 40 to 60 feet on the mainland.  The canopy is broad and rounded. The dark blue/green leaves of English Oak have a typical Oak-shape, with rounded lobes.

  • Quercus robur ‘Fastigiata’ is an excellent upright cultivar that will grow very tall, but only 10-15 feet wide.
  • Regal Prince (r), has become a popular choice – It’s a hybrid between English and Swamp
    White oak.  This particular variety is touted to be very tight, almost oval in habit.

 

Two year old Quercus ilicifolia seedling

Scrub Oak, Quercus ilicifolia, is one of our native oaks.  This oak has a characteristic wiggly appearance to the branches, with a flat, domed top, seldom reaching taller than 12′ on Nantucket.  The leaves of this species are the familiar lobed oak-shape.  They occur naturally all over the island in poor soils.  We’re often asked to source this tree but unfortunately, it’s not available in the trade.  If you’re determined to have some of these wacky trees in your yard, you might try growing them yourself.  I’ve had good luck growing out seedlings from acorns collected in the fall.  I placed them in a zip lock bag with damp soil and put them in the refrigerator until they began to sprout.  Once sprouted, I potted them up. After two growing seasons, my tallest tree is only 12″ tall, but I’m hoping for them to double in size next year once transferred to larger pots.

 

 

Quercus phellos leaves in early October

There are loads of other oaks to consider as well:  Quercus velutina, black oak; Quercus stellata, post oak; Quercus phellos, willow leaf oak; Quercus macrocarpa, burr oak; Quercus coccinea, scarlet oak; Quercus alba, white oak; and Quercus rubra, red oak are all native to Northeastern United States and worth a look.

Sassafrass

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

Just as cities become known for their monuments and architecture (like Paris and the Eiffel Tower or New York and the Statue of Liberty) for plant people, places can become linked with iconic plants that grow there.  Over the years, Nantucket has become well-known for some of the Asian plants that are widely planted and naturalized around the island like blue hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla) and beach rose (Rosa rugosa).  Although there is a lot to love about these plants, I sometimes think it’s a shame that more people don’t remember the island for the wide variety of native North American plants that grow here.  For instance, we are lucky to have one of the largest collections of American Elms (Ulmus americana) in any town in the United States.  These stately trees are undeniably amazing as they tower over the cobbled streets and historic buildings that downtown is known for.  In the less developed areas of the island there is a much wider variety of humble trees and shrubs growing together in the natural ecosystem that has developed here over thousands of years.  They may not be as striking as blue hydrangeas or as breathtaking the stately elms, but their quiet beauty is nonetheless amazing.  One of my favorite native trees is the American Sassafrass (Sassafrass albidium).

Colonies of Sassafrass are easily identified from a distance by their “Dr. Seuss-looking” growth habit of more or less upright, wiggly trunks and branches.  Up close, the youngest twigs are a shiny green while more mature branches and the trunks become grayish and furrowed over the years.  In early May, yellow flowers seem to burst out of the tips of the twigs, filling the whole canopy in a bright sunny haze.  Another easy way to identify these trees is by the leaves.  While most trees have leaves that are all the same shape, these trees have a set of three different leaves that appear throughout the canopy at the same time: a simple ovoid shape, a “mitten” shape and a shape with three lobes, resembling a trident.  During the growing season the leaves are a medium green, but they take on hues of brown, maroon, orange and deep scarlet in the fall.

Sassafrass is a medium-sized tree, averaging a height of more than 35′ on the island, depending on exposure.   They can be found growing in a variety of conditions, from the windy “Nantucket Serengeti” in the middle moors, to lower-lying areas like Squam swamp.  Their adaptability and unique look lend them well to use in many landscaped areas.  Consider planting them in groups of varying sizes to get the most naturalistic effect or use one to punctuate a focal point.  No matter where they are grown, they always make a great conversation starter!

All parts of the plant are fragrant when crushed, emitting a sweet, spicy smell that is difficult to explain to those that haven’t had the opportunity to enjoy it yet.  The roots have traditionally been used to make root beer and the dried and pulverized leaves (known as file powder) are used to flavor and thicken the popular Cajun dish, Gumbo.

Because these trees are difficult to cultivate in the field, there aren’t many tree farms that are able to supply them for us.  If you are interested in using some in your landscape, make sure to plan ahead and leave plenty of time for us to source them.  If you want to get a grove started in an economical way, we just received some well-grown #3 gallon containers that can get you off to a great start!

Get a Head Start on Spring, Plant in the Fall!

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

Now that Labor day has come and gone, it’s a great time to think about planting again.  Shorter days and cooler nights push plants to ready themselves for winter.  Transpiration (water loss) also slows to a minimum as leaves begin to senesce and drop, making watering far less of a concern than during the summer months.  While growth above ground slows and eventually stops, most plants continue to grow roots underground, in preparation for the next flush of growth in the spring.

 

Root development in woody plants has been been extensively studied over the years.  Scientists have found that the roots of woody plants continue to grow during the fall and winter, as long as the soil is not frozen solid.  As the ground seldom freezes on Nantucket before Christmas, and often thaws for long stretches in the winter, we have the luxury of being able to plant woodies almost year-round.

Best planting practices should be used to insure success with late season planting.

 

  • Carefully consider the site, being sure to choose plants that will thrive in the conditions present.  Pay particular attention to how much sun the area receives and the quality of the native soil; whether it is sandy, clayey, dry or overly wet.
  • Choose healthy plants, that have a strong root system
  • Dig a hole as wide as possible in the shape of a broad saucer to allow rapid root growth in the top 12″ of soil.
  • Be sure that the hole is not deeper than the root ball is high.  It is better that root ball of any plant rests on undisturbed soil and that the crown is slightly higher than grade once planted.  Loose soil at the bottom of the hole can settle over time, leaving the plant too low in ground.
  • If planting amendments are used, keep them to a minimum.  Making a small pocket of overly rich soil next to the base of the plant can discourage root growth into the native soil.  If fertilizers are used, consider going organic, and avoid additional phosphorous. Fertilizer should not be applied after mid-October on Nantucket.
  • Balled and Burlapped plants are best “wet-set”.  Place the plant in the hole.  Back fill the plant by half.  Next, fill the hole with water and allow it to drain.  Finally, complete the planting and lightly tamp around the plant, without overly compressing the soil.
  • Mulch is recommended for most new plantings, but keep it away from the trunks of trees and the crowns of grasses and other perennials.  Mulch piled up onto plants can cause them to decline over time.  Three inches should be a sufficient thickness for most jobs.  Bark mulch should not be considered a permanent design element, but more as a way to protect and enrich the soil as properly-spaced plants fill in and create a “living mulch” over time.

Mountainmint

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

Having been in business for 25 years on Nantucket, we have seen many trends in the islands’ landscape community come and go.  When I started at the nursery 14 years ago, there was a huge demand for ‘Knock Out’ series roses, for example – but today we only sell a modest number of shrub roses of any type.  When I was actively landscaping, many projects called for broad swaths of hydro-seeded, exotic, love grass but now (thankfully) landscape architects are using a wide variety of native grasses for those applications.  In fact, incorporation of native grasses, shrubs and perennial plants in the landscape is a massive trend that we don’t see slowing down.  Unfortunately, we’ve also seen an incredible increase in deer pressure across the island, which has spurred the movement toward planting only the most deer-resistant plants available.

We’ve seen that many of the native plants recommended for our climate are no longer deer-resistant at all.  For shrubs, we still recommend Myrica pensylvanica (Bayberry) and Baccharis halimifolia (Groundsel) as the backbone of a native planting plan.  Native grasses like Panicum virgatum (Switch Grass), Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem), Sporobolus heterolepsis (Prairie Dropseed) and Deschampsia sps. (Hair Grass) are a good choice as well.  Recently, I’ve been impressed with the various species of Pycnanthemum (Mountainmint) for good deer and rabbit resistance.

There are several species of Pycnanthemum in the trade that can be planted in a variety of conditions.  All are native to North America, and attract a wide variety of pollinators.  They look great mixed with other native plants and grasses in meadow gardens but are also a great addition to butterfly gardens and traditional perennial borders.  These herbaceous perennials are members of the mint family, with fragrant foliage and varying degrees of hairy leaves and stems.  They are generally 3-4′ tall and flower in shades of white and pale lavender in high summer to early fall.  Mountainmint grows in spreading clumps that are enlarged by runners; when they are happy, they can spread quickly, but the edges of the clumps can be easily managed by spading and pulling up the runners once or twice a year.

Some of the most commonly available species are listed below:

Pycnanthemum curvipes (Stone Mountainmint):  2-3′ tall.  Ovate silvery/green leaves with purple-spotted white flowers.  Native to rocky outcrops, bluffs, dry hillsides, open rocky woodlands and fields of the South Eastern United States.

 

 

 

 

Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Appalacian Mountainmint):  2-3′ tall.  Ovate green, hairless leaves with white/pale laender flowers.  Native to South Eastern United States where it occurs in a variety of conditions.

Pycnanthemum muticum:  2-4′ tall.  Ovate silver/green fuzzy leaves with pale lilac flowers and showy bracts.  Native to moist woods and meadows of the North Eastern United States.

 

 

 

 

 

Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (Narrowleaf Mountainmint):  3′ tall.  Narrow green, hairless leaves with clusters of tiny white flowers.  Native to a wide variety of conditions in the North Eastern United States.

 

 

 

 

 

Pycnanthemum verticillatum var. pilosum aka P. pilosum (Whorled Mountainmint):  1-3′ tall.  Grey/green leaves with clusters of white flowers.  Native to forests and meadows of a wide swath of the Eastern and Central United States.

 

 

 

 

Pycnanthemum virginianum (Virginia Mountainmint):  2-3′ tall.  Narrow lance-shaped leaves with white flowers dotted in lavender.  Native to moist woodlands and wetlands of Eastern United States.

Milkweed

, Posted by Brad MacDonald

There are many reasons to plant a garden: to add beauty to your surroundings, grow food or medicines, add value to your home, etc.  In recent years, islanders have become more and more interested in gardening to support our native ecosystem by providing shelter and food for native fauna.  Butterflies are always at the top of the list of insects that gardeners would like to support.  Many are amazingly beautiful, but also in real need of our help as their habitat is ever-shrinking due to human activities like development and farming.

Loads of native plants are a food or nectar source for caterpillars and butterflies, but we get the most questions about milkweed this time of year.  There are several species of milkweed that are native to the northeast, with more cultivated varieties in the trade as well.  We love these plants because they are easy to grow in full sun with average garden conditions.  The most popular of these is butterflyweed, Asclepias tuberosa, but we also stock others.

All milkweeds ooze a white latex sap when the leaves or stems are broken that prevents many insects from eating them.  However, monarch butterfly caterpillars have evolved to use milkweed as their only food source.  Many species of butterflies and other insects use the flowers as a source of nectar as well.  Milkweeds produce copious viable seeds in pointy pods.  When the pods mature and dry out in the fall it’s super fun to break them open and dispel the fluffy seeds on the wind!

Notable characteristics of the most commonly available milkweeds are listed below:

Asclepias incarnata – Swamp Milkweed.  The tallest milkweed that we stock at 36-48″ tall.  This plant is naturally found in sunny, moist areas like wet meadows and swamps with organically rich soil, but it adapts well to average garden conditions.  Flowers appear in July and August, varying in color from deep to light pink or even white.  The leaves of these plants are long and narrow, with a medium green color.

 

 

 

 

Asclepias syriaca – Common Milk Weed.  34-36″ tall.  This plant is found all over the island along roadsides, fields and disturbed areas.  They thrive in average soil in full sun.  The globe-like composite flowers appear in late June, persisting through summer.  The leaves are a dusty green, and wider than swamp milkweed.  This plant tolerates a wide variety of growing conditions, but is useful in areas with little supplemental water, as they are very tolerant of drought when established.

 

 

 

Asclepias tuberosa– Butterfly Weed.  The shortest of the common native milkweeds at 24-36″.  Found in sunny dry meadows, this plant makes a fantastic garden plant in dry areas without excessive irrigation. Make sure to plant it in full sun in average soil, and it will be happy for many years.  It has a bushy habit and narrow, ovate leaves.  The orange flowers appear in early July and persist for weeks in the height of summer.  Perennial plant of the year 2018!